Author: Mok Hui Fen

Instagram VS Pinterest

Q1: Repetition:

Instagram-

  • Navigation including search bar, explore, activity and account login keep repeating on the website even we access any web page on the website.
  • Logo is static through out all the web pages in the website.
  • For typography, Instagram uses Proxima Novafor all text with Neue Helvetica as a fallback.

Pinterest-

  • Navigation includes search bar, menu bar(home, following, account login), message, notification and more information is set on the top of the web page through out the website.
  • Logo is static through out all the web pages in the website.
  • For typography, Pinterest uses Helvetica Neue and others for different languages.

Contrast:

Instagram- Yes, the black text color has sufficient contrast with white background color.

Pinterest- Yes, the color scheme is limited to a maximum of three colors which are white , black and grey.

Alignment:

Instagram-

  • The header run across the top of the page and appears on every page of the website.
  • The layout of web page is align-centered.
  • The navigation bar containing search bar and menu bar is inside the header.
  • The website contains standard size of  image and video elements.

Pinterest-

  • The header run across the top of the page and appears on every page of the website.
  • The layout of web page is align-fully justified.
  • The navigation bar containing search bar and menu bar is inside the header.
  • The website contains varies sizes of  image and video elements.

Proximity

Instagram-

  • The features of like, comment, share and save are in the particular section.

Pinterest-

  • The features of save, website link, share, more information are in the same element.

Q2: Best practices:

Instagram & Pinterest-

  • Consistent site header and logo
  • Consistent navigation area
  • Good use of basic design principles: repetition, contrast, proximity, and alignment
  • Balance of white space on page
  • Good contrast between text and background
  • Viewport meta tag is used to enhance display on smartphones
  • Media queries configure responsive page layout for smartphone and tablet display
  • Navigation is easy to use for target audience
  • Color is used consistently
  •  Fonts, font sizes, and font colors are consistently used
  • Information is easy to find within minimal clicks.

Improvement:

Instagram-

  • The image element can be smaller within screen resolution to make the view better.

Pinterest-

  • The image element can be grouped into categories to easier user in searching.
Done by:

Mok Hui Fen

Kan Jia Qi

Hardeep Kaur

Cloud Computing Appliations

Google drive is one of the example of Cloud Computing.

  1. Document  — https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AlkeWxbvSY_ePBMHlZEt2ne-VhZdWIT1VhMAliG39sI/edit?usp=sharing
  2. Spreadsheet  — https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kgE2Bc_I29uGvMgcaSWv0Lz4U2zcxPVQldygLKXKSCw/edit?usp=sharing
  3. Presentation  — https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1vMMgc2W1dHqt3xvcN1Ua2E5LKKc_08NmyfCHZm5DdcM/edit?usp=sharing
  4. Forms  — https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd38kO_8vphmij3W-BgAfHcvw2WikUA6qbd2MEcNzbFDnJWHA/viewform
  5. Drawing  — >https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1XE_39R2ErHg0ZXbvJoigXgIFkrArrsAMwLp9dC0MXgY/edit

>https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1Tj20pFwxgPnQWKwkqpXG5ADs9kKmuJYatm8YTbZyRMw/edit

TCP/IP Utilities 2

Why do we need to ping?

The ping command is a Command Prompt command used to test the ability of the source computer to reach a specified destination computer. The ping command is usually used as a simple way to verify that a computer can communicate over the network with another computer or network device.

The ping command operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to the destination computer and waiting for a response. How many of those responses are returned, and how long it takes for them to return, are the two major pieces of information that the ping command provides.

Refer:

https://www.lifewire.com/ping-command-2618099

Explain the term Sent, Received, Lost and TTL.

Sent: This is the amount of packets ping sent to the address you typed in the prompt. The default is four.

Received: This is the amount of packets that returned from the address you typed in the prompt. Ideally, this should equal the amount sent.

Lost: This is the amount of packets that did not return from the address you typed. Ideally, this should be zero.

Time-to-live (TTL) is a value in an Internet Protocol (IP) packet that tells a network router whether or not the packet has been in the network too long and should be discarded.

Refer:

https://www.instructables.com/id/Using-Windows-Command-Prompt-to-Test-Internet-Conn/

https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/time-to-live

Q2

Figure 1

Explain what is happening in Figure 1.

There are four responses from the server. Each reply has the size of the packet which is 32 bytes, the time it took in less than 1 ms, and the TTL equals to 64. As seen in the above statistics four packets were sent, and four were received with a 0% loss, which is a good indication that the computer has no issues communicating across the network.

Refer:

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/ping.htm

https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001631.htm

127.0.0.1 refers to ________

The IP address 127.0.0.1 is a special-purpose IPv4 address called localhost or loopback address. All computers use this address as their own but it doesn’t let them communicate with other devices like a real IP address does.

The loopback address is only used by the computer which is on, and only for special circumstances. This is unlike a regular IP address that is used to transfer files to and from other networked devices.

Refer:

https://www.lifewire.com/network-computer-special-ip-address-818385

Why do we need to ping 127.0.0.1?

The IP address 127.0.0.1 is used for loop back testing. It helps with trouble shooting. If stack is working then the issue must be at another Network point. Check that TCP/IP stack of device (Computer, Laptop, etc..) is working correctly.

Refer:

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-significance-of-127-0-0-1-in-computer-networks

1

Figure 2

Explain what is happening in Figure 2.

There are four responses from the localhost server. Each reply has the size of the packet which is 32 bytes, the time it took is less than 1 ms, and the TTL equals to 128. As seen in the above statistics four packets were sent, and four were received with a 0% loss, which is a good indication that the computer’s working on has no issues communicating across the network.

What does it mean by Request timed out?

If a request times out, it means that your computer did not receive a response at all. It’s the equivalent of calling someone and having the phone ring hundreds of times until you decide to give up.

Refer:

https://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/answer/Request-Timed-Out-vs-Destination-Host-Unreachable

2.png

Figure 3

Explain what is happening in Figure 3.

In other words, ping error message “Request Timed Out” tells ping command timed out because there is no reply from the destination host. There are many reasons like network connectivity issues, blocking by Firewall etc can cause “Request Timed Out” message.

Refer:

https://www.corenetworkz.com/2009/05/request-timed-out.html

Q9.png

Figure 4

What is the different between Figure 3 and Figure 4?

In Figure 3, there is no reply from the destination host even it’s reachable while there is no request timed out in Figure 4. ICMP Echo Request and ICMP Echo Response are success reach their target computer respectively. This shows that this is a successful ping result.

What is tracert?

Traceroute is a utility that records the route (the specific gateway computers at each hop) through the Internet between the computer and a specified destination computer. It also calculates and displays the amount of time each hop took. Traceroute is a handy tool both for understanding where problems are in the Internet network and for getting a detailed sense of the Internet itself.

Refer:

https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/traceroute

3.png

Figure 5

Explain what is happening in Figure 5.

If a name server is authoritative for that zone, then its the final authority for that zone and is supposed to know about all records. However, nslookup also indicates that the answer is “non-authoritative,” meaning that this answer came from the cache of some server rather than from an authoritative MIT DNS server.

Refer:

https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/435269-dns-manager-look-up-unknown-host-for-known-zone

https://serverfault.com/questions/413124/dns-nslookup-what-is-the-meaning-of-the-non-authoritative-answer

Explain Physical Address and IP Address.

Every network device has two types of addresses, one called the logical address (IP address) and the other one being the physical address. (MAC address)

The IP address is an address bound to the network device, i.e., computer, via software. In a Windows-powered computer, the Windows operating system allows the user to configure the IP address the specific workstation will have. This IP address is used to allow all network aware programs, i.e., Internet Explorer, Netscape, Outlook, etc. to use this address when communicating with other hosts. The seventh layer in the OSI model has the IP addresses.

The MAC address is a hardware address, which means it is unique to the network card installed on user’s PC. No two devices on a local network should ever have the same MAC address. In this unlikely event occurs, the two devices will have major communication problems. During the manufacturing process, the vendor “burns” a specific MAC address into each network card’s ROM. When the serial numbers have all been used, they start from the beginning, as it’s very unlikely anyone would buy two network cards from the same vendor, and they will contain the same MAC address.

Refer:

https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/answer/What-is-the-difference-between-an-IP-address-and-a-physical-address

What are the differences between Physical Address and IP Address?

BASIS FOR COMPARISON Physical Address (MAC Address) IP Address
Full Form Media Access Control Address. Internet Protocol Address.
Purpose It identifies the physical address of a computer on the internet. It identifies connection of a computer on the internet.
Bits It is 48 bits (6 bytes) hexadecimal address. IPv4 is a 32-bit (4 bytes) address, and IPv6 is a 128-bits (16 bytes) address.
Address MAC address is assigned by the manufacturer of NIC card. IP address is assigned by the network administrator or Internet Service Provider.
Retrieve Address ARP protocol can retrieve MAC address of a device. RARP protocol can retrieve IP address of a device.

Refer:

https://techdifferences.com/difference-between-mac-and-ip-address.html#KeyDifferences

TCP/IP Utilities

z.png

  Your host
MAC address D4-25-8B-C4-0D-3D
IP address 10.65.210.109
Subnet Mask 255.255.248.0
Default Gateway IP address 10.65.215.254

xc

IP address/ host name Sent Received Lost Round trip times/ms (min) Round trip times / ms (max) Round trip times /ms (Average)
LAPTOP-A0AFUA92 4 4 0 0 0 0
uthm.edu.my 4 4 0 1 9 4
20.20.20.20 4 0 4 – – –
10.65.211.135 4 4 4 106 316 214

b.png

v.png

DNS server Address
ns5.uthm.edu.my 192.168.240.101
ns6.uthm.edu.my 192.168.240.102
dhcpwifi.uthm.edu.my 192.168.240.99

Q1: What do you understand from this laboratory exercise?

ANSWER: I learnt how to use command prompt. From command prompt, I learnt about the details of my laptop, for example: IP address, network connection status and more. Subnet is in the same third octet class of IP address, for example: mine is 10.65.210.109 and my friend’s next to me is 10.65.211.135. I also learnt about we can search for IP address with hostname, or vice versa.